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One Relay, Several Contacts

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One coil can operate many contacts

A relay can have one normally open contact, one normally closed contact, several of each, or changeover contacts that provide both paths.

COIL DE-ENERGIZED — “NORMAL” STATE K1 = OFF NO open NC closed COIL ENERGIZED K1 = ON NO closed NC open

NO and NC describe the de-energized state

K1 coilK1 NO contactK1 NC contact
0 / de-energizedopenclosed
1 / energizedclosedopen

When the coil energizes, the armature moves and all contacts operated by that armature change state.

Ganged does not mean electrically connected

Several contacts may be mechanically ganged because the same relay armature operates them. That does not mean those contacts share the same electrical circuit.

One contact might switch a 24-volt control signal while another switches a completely separate indication circuit.

Relay contact descriptions

Terms such as SPST, SPDT, DPDT, and similar abbreviations describe the number of poles and throws. We will use them later, but the first skill is simply recognizing which contacts are normally open and normally closed and which coil operates them.

Do not confuse a seal-in circuit with a latching relay. A seal-in circuit can keep an ordinary relay energized electrically. A true latching relay is designed to retain its mechanical or magnetic state without continuously energizing the same coil.

Try these yourself

With relay K1 de-energized, what is the state of its normally open contact? COIL DE-ENERGIZED — “NORMAL” STATE K1 = OFF NO open NC closed COIL ENERGIZED K1 = ON NO closed NC open
Normally open means open in the relay's normal de-energized condition.
When K1 energizes, what happens to its normally closed contact?
The NC contact changes to the opposite state and opens when the relay operates.
What does it mean when several contacts are mechanically ganged to one relay?
One armature can operate several contacts at the same time; their electrical circuits may be completely separate.